In this talk I will try to provide a pedagogical overview of the interplay between random matrices and string theory. I will start with the ``old'' matrix models of non-critical strings and their applications to statistical systems, and explain some more recent developments on the connection between matrix models, gravity, and superstrings. \ \ \ (Seminar Room: LPTMS, salle 201, 2ème étage, Bât 100, Campus d'Orsay)